Wednesday, February 18, 2015

Assessment Technology

This quiz was created using the Socrative website.
 Please access the quiz using the following link:

Answer Key:
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A

This is a quiz about money.  This quiz correlates with Arizona State Standards (Common Core) AZ 2.MD.8 - Solve word problems involving dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies, using $ and ¢ symbols appropriately.
This quiz is meant to be a summative assessment.  It is a quick quiz to assess student understanding of a concept after a lesson has been completed.  A teacher may analyze the student results in order to measure the student understanding.  With the results a teacher may make an informed decision to either move on to other material, or to go over these concepts again and in greater detail in order to enhance student understanding of the concepts.

Part 2: Blog Post
Introduction (4-6 Sentences):
            The use of technology to facilitate assessment has great potential to assist teachers in the education process.  Assessment technology gives teachers the ability to analyze and respond to the learning needs of every student with greater speed and flexibility (Landauer, Lochbaum, and Dooley, 2009).  Many assessment technologies give students useful feedback on their comprehension of a subject.  This paper will analyze different types of technology that can be used to assess student learning, the differences between formative and summative assessment, and weigh the pros and cons of using technology to facilitate assessment.
Technology to Facilitate Ongoing Efforts to Assess Student Learning
            Technology enhances a teacher’s ability to facilitate the ongoing efforts to assess student learning in the classroom.  Technology can give a teacher immediate feedback on a student’s level of comprehension.  A teacher can use the information gathered to decide whether to reteach, when to move on to a new topic, and when to explain or demonstrate something in a different way (Tomlinson, 2007).  Technology gives students a variety of options to use in order to demonstrate mastery of a subject or material.  Many students do not perform well on tests even if they know the material well.  A variety of technological tools can be used to demonstrate a student’s knowledge. 
 (Wireless active responding clickers)  A technology such as clickers has many benefits when it comes to student assessment.  A teacher can use this tool to gather real time responses and data from the students.  The teacher can tailor a lesson according to the responses.  A teacher can either slow-down and explain a concept in greater detail or move ahead according to the responses of the students.  A teacher might post questions on an interactive whiteboard and ask the students to respond to different questions throughout the lesson.  
 (Digital Presentations) A digital presentation can be used in place of a formal test.  A student can demonstrate comprehension of a specific topic or material by creating a digital presentation about the subject. At the end of a unit, a teacher may give the student’s a variety of options in the form of digital presentations to choose from and ask them to demonstrate what they have learned through the use of a digital presentation.
 (Digital quiz) A digital quiz is a convenient way for a teacher to assess a student’s comprehension.  There are a number of web based quiz services to choose from.  A teacher can create a quick quiz for students to complete from their home computer, smart phone or tablet.   Websites that offer a digital quiz have the ability to correlate and analyze the data.  The website will even email the results of the quiz directly to a teacher.  A teacher may create a short quiz at the end of a lesson in order to assess the student’s level of knowledge.

(Formative and Summative Assessments)
            According to Gunter and Gunter, formative assessment is the measuring of a student’s understanding according to a certain amount of time at many different points. A teacher should gather a variety of assignments and activities to make sure the student is developing the comprehension and skills in order to master the content (Gunter & Gunter, 2014).  Formative assessment is assessment for learning.  Wireless clickers are a good example of formative assessment.  Wireless clickers can be used to gather data throughout a lesson.  A teacher can use the information to steer the course of the lesson presented based on the needs of the students.  According to Gunter and Gunter, summative assessment is the evaluation of student understanding at any specific time (Gunter & Gunter, 2014, p. 320).  Summative assessment usually takes place at the end of a unit, class or course.  A digital presentation is a good example of summative assessment.  A teacher could assign students to create a digital presentation that displays their knowledge or understanding of a particular topic covered in a course. 
(Pros and Cons of using Technology to Facilitate Assessment)
 The use of technology to facilitate assessment has many benefits.  The use of technology can be motivating and engaging for students.  The use of technology for assessment can give teachers and students immediate feedback and results that will improve the learning process.  The use of technology for assessment can also create a variety of ways in which a student can demonstrate knowledge gained over a course or unit.  As always with the use of any technology in the classroom, teachers must safeguard students from the dangers of technology and the Internet.  Teachers should also carefully evaluate the various technologies to identify those that are most effective, and appropriate for use by students (Salend, 2009).
(“Should a teacher only use technology to assess student learning? Why or why not?”)
 Teachers should absolutely take advantage of the wide variety of technological assessment tools available today.  A teacher must carefully choose the tools that best fit the needs of the classroom.  Technology can be a great benefit in facilitating student assessment and achievement.
What is the importance of assessment technology in connection with the ISTE standards?
            According to ISTE standards for teachers, teachers should provide students with a variety of formative and summative assessments, which are aligned with content standards. Teachers should use the resulting data to adjust the teaching and learning process (ISTE.org).  A teacher has the responsibility to use assessment technology in order to address the individual learning needs of the students. 

Concluding Paragraph for Software to Support Assessment
            Advances in technology have positively impacted the way in which teachers assess student learning and comprehension.  A teacher can use a variety of tools in order to generate feedback about a student’s performance and aptitude.  A student can use a variety of tools to demonstrate the knowledge gained over the course of a class or unit.  Technology assessments are very helpful in providing information for teachers about the learning process of the students.  Most importantly, with the information gained through assessment, teachers can improve teaching.


References

Gunter, G.A. & Gunter R.E. (Ed.). (2014). Teachers Discovering Computers: Integrating
            Technology in a Changing World. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning

Landauer, Lochbaum, and Dooley, (2009). A new formative assessment technology for reading and writing, Theory Into Practice.

Salend, S. J. (2009). Technology-based classroom assessments. Teaching Exceptional Children41(6), 48-58.


Tomlinson, C. A. (2007). Learning to love assessment. Educational Leadership65(4), 8-13.

Thursday, February 12, 2015

Student Centered Technology

Introduction
            In a single classroom, there are many students whose learning styles, aptitudes, abilities and interests vary greatly. It is vital for a teacher to differentiate instruction in order to best meet the learning needs of the classroom.  Faulk & Faulk noted that, “ gone (are) the days in which the teacher taught only one way and students had to adjust to the single narrow teaching approach of the teacher. The teacher of today and the teacher of the future would need to have a wide diverse repertoire of skills, methods, knowledge and strategies to facilitate optimal learning among all the children and each of the children in the classroom” (Faulk & Faulk, 2013).  This paper will discuss three forms of technology that can be used to differentiate instruction and the pros and cons of using technology to differentiate instruction.

Technology to Differentiate Instruction
(A classroom blog or website): A classroom blog or website is a type of interactive digital media.  Interactive digital media appeals to a variety of learning styles, is engaging and motivating (Gunter & Gunter, 2014).  A teacher could use a classroom blog to help students develop skills in both traditional literacy and digital literacy.  A teacher could post a question on the classroom blog and allow students the opportunity to respond.  A classroom blog is a good way for students to reach a global audience.  A classroom blog fulfills the ISTE student standards of Community and Collaboration as it gives students the opportunity to interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media and communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats (ISTE.org).

(Interactive Applications and Websites):  Interactive digital media such as Interactive applications and websites allows users to move through information at their own pace.  It also provides feedback in the form of responses as the user progresses through the applications.  Interactive applications and websites provide links that link the user to more information about a particular topic they may be interested in so it extends the learning process to the users interests (Gunter & Gunter, 2014, p. 205). A teacher could use Interactive applications and websites when stations or centers are utilized in the classroom setting.   Stations are a valuable way for teachers to differentiate instruction.  Jones suggests that a teacher should “design stations so that they vary based on students' different learning styles, interests, and/or levels of readiness. Each station should require students to look at the concept in a different way. This can be accomplished by thinking of each station as a specific learning style. One station would be your hands-on or kinesthetic station. Here students would complete labs or build models. Another could be the visual station, where students would quietly read, complete computer research, or explore concepts visually. Another station could be an auditory station, where students could have discussions or listen to information on tape” (Jones, 2007).  Interactive websites and applications fulfill the ISTE student standards of Research and information fluency as students apply digital tools to gather, evaluate, and use information (ISTE.org).

(Digital Presentation Software): both teachers and students can use Digital Presentation software alike.  A teacher can create a digital presentation to teach required curriculum as opposed to a traditional lecture style.  A teacher can give students a variety of options for fulfilling a research assignment.  The options could include, creating a PowerPoint Presentation, creating an audio podcast, or making a video and uploading it to YouTube.  A teacher can appeal to the variety of learning styles and interests of students by allowing students the ability to choose the medium in which they will complete assignments.  Lamb and Johnson suggest that teachers use the power of technology to differentiate instruction by opening up the choices and tools for communication (Lamb & Johnson, 2012).  Lamb and Johnson go onto suggest that teachers should fulfill the Common Core standards, which stress real-world connections and authentic research activities. Rather than producing term papers and reports, teachers should look for interesting ways for young people to communicate their understandings (Lamb & Johnson).


Pros and Cons
            Technology can be a disruption to the educational process if a teacher does not carefully organize, manage and match it to their instructional objectives and strategies (Gunter & Gunter, 2014, p. 208).  A teacher must take time to understand and master technology before introducing it in a classroom setting.  A teacher should prepare a backup plan for when technology does not work as planned.  Technology is a tool that can and should be used in the 21-century classroom to enhance and support instruction.  Technology can bring hard to understand concepts to life.  Technology also plays a significant role in a teacher’s ability to differentiate instruction to meet the varying needs of the students.
Concluding Paragraph
 it is important for a teacher to differentiate instruction in order to reach the needs of the students.  Technology is a valuable resource for teachers to use when differentiating instruction.  Because of the wide variety of technological tools that are readily available, a teacher has seemingly endless possibilities to integrate technology and differentiate instruction.  A teacher must become aware of valuable technologies and learn to use them in order to enhance instruction in the classroom.

References:
Faulk, V., & Faulk, N. (2013). One teachers results using differentiated instruction teaching
            elementary Spanish. Review Of Higher Education & Self-Learning6(20), 75-78.

Gunter, G.A. & Gunter R.E. (Ed.). (2014). Teachers Discovering Computers: Integrating
            Technology in a Changing World. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning

Jones, D. J. (2007). The station approach: how to teach with limited resources. Science
            Scope30(6), 16-21.

Lamb, A., & Johnson, L. (2012). The power of technology: unleashing the superhero in each

 learner. Teacher Librarian40(2), 61-66.

RAFT Task Cards

Raft Card 1:

ROLE (student)
AUDIENCE
FORMAT
TOPIC
Row 1
Menu creator for the school cafeteria
Students, Parents, and teachers at the school
Google docs, Google spreadsheet and graph
The school cafeteria must offer more vegetables.  Which kind of vegetables should they offer?

Objective: You will be able to present a graph of student’s favorite vegetables.  You will write a report to suggest the top three vegetables the school should offer for lunch. 
ISTE Student Standards:
1d. Identify trends and forecast possibilities
2a. Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media.
3d. Process data and report results
4b. Plan and manage activities to develop a solution or complete a project
4c.  Collect and analyze data to identify solutions and or make informed decisions (ISTE.org)
Student Role:             
Menu creator for the school cafeteria
Audience:     
Students, parents and teachers at the school
Format:         
Google docs, Google spreadsheet and graph
Topic:
The school cafeteria must offer more vegetables.  Which kind of vegetables should they offer?
 


Directions: 
1.     With your group, create a survey of favorite vegetables.
2.     Survey every student in the classroom.
3.     Analyze the data you have collected and input in a Google spreadsheet.
4.     Use the data in your spreadsheet to create a graph
5.     Write a report explaining the process, the results of the survey, and the findings.
6.     Present your information to the classroom, using the interactive whiteboard to display your spreadsheet and graph.
Resources:
Classroom computers or computer lab
Interactive whiteboard
Assessment:
Create a graph showing the favorite vegetables of your classmates.  You will receive up to 20 points for each of the following: survey, spreadsheet, graph, report, and class presentation.


Raft Card 2:

ROLE (student)
AUDIENCE
FORMAT
TOPIC
Row 2
Digital Newspaper Columnist
Loyal newspaper readers
Blog
An opinion article. What animal would make the best class pet? 

Objective:
You will write an opinion article explaining which animal would make the best class pet.  You must back up your opinion with research and facts.  You will post your article on our class blog.
ISTE Student Standards:
1b. Create original works as a means of personal or group expression
2b. Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats
3a. Plan strategies to guide inquiries
3b. Locate, organize, analyze evaluate, synthesize, and ethically use information from a variety of sources
3c. Evaluate and select informational sources and digital tools based on the appropriateness to specific tasks.
3d.  Process data and report results
4c. Collect and analyze data to identify solutions and make informed decisions.
Student Role:             
Digital Newspaper Columnist
Audience:
Loyal newspaper readers       
Format:
Blog    
Topic:
What animal would make the best class pet?
 


Directions:
1.     Choose three animals that you believe would make a good class pet.
2.     Research the animals of your choice using http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/animals/
3.     Make a list of pros and cons for each animal
4.     Evaluate your research results and choose the animal that you feel would make the best class pet.
5.     Use Microsoft Word to write an article explaining why you chose that certain animal.  Back up your choice with at least five reasons. 
6.     Post your article on our class blog.


Resources:
Computer lab or classroom computers
Microsoft Word software
Websites to visit:
National Geographic Kids

Encyclopedia Britannica kids

Discovery Kids
Our classroom Blog

Assessment:
Create a newspaper article about which animal would make the best class pet.  Post your article on our class blog.  You will receive up to 25 points for each of the following:  List of pros and cons for three animals, Newspaper article.



Raft Card 3:

ROLE (student)
AUDIENCE
FORMAT
TOPIC
Row 3
Pattern Detective
Classmates and teacher
PowerPoint Slideshow
Identify and evaluate patterns all around us.

Objective:
You will take photos of patterns observe around our classroom.  You will put together a slideshow using PowerPoint.  You will create a graph displaying the different types of patterns you observe.  You will present your observations to the class and discuss the most commonly found patterns.
ISTE Student Standards:
1b. Create original works as a means of personal or group expression
1c. Use models or simulations to explore complex systems and issues
1d. Identify trends and forecast possibilities
2a. Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts or others employing a variety of digital environments and media.
2b. Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media ad formats
2d. Contribute to project teams to produce original works or solve problems
3a. Plan, strategize and guide inquiry
3d.  Process data and report results
4b. Plan and manage activities to develop a solution or complete a project
(ISTE.org)
Student Role:           
Pattern Detective
Audience:
Classmates and teacher          
Format:         
PowerPoint slideshow

Topic:
Identify and evaluate patterns all around us.
 


Directions: 
1.     In your small group, use the camera on an iPad to take photos of patterns you find around our classroom. 
2.     Turn your photos into a slide show using PowerPoint
3.     Create a graph that shows the different types of patterns you found with your group.  For example, AB, ABA, ABC…
4.     Present your slideshow to the class using the interactive whiteboard.
5.      Discuss the most common patterns you found.  Discuss the least common pattern that you found.
Resources:
iPads
PowerPoint Software
Interactive Whiteboard


Assessment:

Create a PowerPoint slideshow of the patterns you find all around us.  Present your slideshow to the class and discuss your results. You will receive up to 25 points for each of the following:  Slideshow of patterns, graph of findings, classroom presentation and discussion.